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Objective:To study the effects of FLASH irradiation (FLASH-RT) and conventional irradiation (CONV-RT) on gene expression profile in mouse liver, in order to provide theoretical basis of the potential mechanism of FLASH-RT.Methods:A total of 11 C57BL/6J male mice were divided into healthy control group (Ctrl group), CONV-RT group and FLASH-RT group according to random number table method. Mouse abdomen was treated with 12 Gy CONV-RT or FLASH-RT. Then the mice were killed by neck removal, and the liver tissues were collected to extract total RNA for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) that was then analyzed by bio-informatics analysis to investigate the changes of gene expression profiles. The mRNA expression levels of Stat1, Irf9 and Rela were verified by quantitative real-time PCR assay.Results:1 762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in group FLASH-RT vs. CONV-RT. Among them, 660 genes were up-regulated and 1 102 genes were down-regulated. 1 918 DEGs were identified in groups FLASH-RT vs. Ctrl. Among them, 728 genes were up-regulated and 1 190 genes were down-regulated. 1 569 DEGs were identified in group CONV-RT vs. Ctrl. Among them, 1 046 genes were up-regulated and 523 genes were down-regulated. According to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, these DEGs from groups FLASH-RT vs. CONV-RT were involved in various functions including defense response to virus, other organisms in cell components, adenylyltransferase activity in molecular function activity. These DEGs from group FLASH-RT vs. Ctrl were involved in various functions including defense response to other oranisms, endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex, double-stranded RNA binding and so on. These DEGs from group FLASH-RT vs. CONV-RT were involved in several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including influenza A, Herpes simplex infection and so on. These DEGs from group FLASH-RT vs. Ctrl were involved in several KEGG pathways including influenza A, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Stat1 was likely to be activated by FLASH radiation. The quantitative real-time PCR assay showed that FLASH-RT obviously increased the mRNA expressions of Stat1, Irf9 and Rela ( t=6.62, 2.11, 1.67, P<0.05). Conclusions:FLASH-RT and CONV-RT could alter gene expression profiles in mouse liver tissues, and these DEGs are involved in multiple radiobiological functional pathways. In comparison with CONV-RT, FLASH-RT induces a low level of liver injury, which may due to hypoxia radiation resistance.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effect of total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation (TPTX+AT) and total parathyroidectomy (TPTX) on secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).@*Methods@#PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched from inception to June 2017 for relative studies, which were screened according to inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of included study were conducted to compare the improvement of symptoms, persistent SHPT, recurrent SHPT, reoperation, hypoparathyroidism, duration of operation and hospitalization between TPTX+AT group and TPTX group.@*Results@#A total of 11 studies with 1212 patients were included. Results of meta-analyses showed no difference between TPTX+AT and TPTX regarding improvement of symptoms and persistent SHPT (RR=1.03, P=0.70; RR=0.81, P=0.67, respectively), but TPTX was associated with lower risks of recurrent SHPT and reoperation (RR=0.25, P<0.01; RR=0.19, P<0.01). Patients with TPTX had higher rate of hypoparathyroidism (RR=2.68, P<0.01) but shorter time of operation (MD=-17.3, P=0.01). Durations of hospitalization were similar between the two groups (MD=-0.06, P=0.98).@*Conclusion@#Compared with TPTX+AT, TPTX reduces the risks of recurrent SHPT, reoperation and operation time, but has higher risk of hypoparathyroidism.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation (TPTX+AT) and total parathyroidectomy (TPTX) on secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Methods PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched from inception to June 2017 for relative studies, which were screened according to inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of included study were conducted to compare the improvement of symptoms, persistent SHPT, recurrent SHPT, reoperation, hypoparathyroidism, duration of operation and hospitalization between TPTX+AT group and TPTX group. Results A total of 11 studies with 1212 patients were included. Results of meta-analyses showed no difference between TPTX+AT and TPTX regarding improvement of symptoms and persistent SHPT (RR=1.03, P=0.70; RR=0.81, P=0.67, respectively), but TPTX was associated with lower risks of recurrent SHPT and reoperation (RR=0.25, P<0.01; RR=0.19, P<0.01). Patients with TPTX had higher rate of hypoparathyroidism (RR=2.68, P<0.01) but shorter time of operation (MD=-17.3, P=0.01). Durations of hospitalization were similar between the two groups (MD=-0.06, P=0.98). Conclusion Compared with TPTX+AT, TPTX reduces the risks of recurrent SHPT, reoperation andoperation time, but has higher risk of hypoparathyroidism.
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Malignant Melanoma derived from melanocytes,characterized by early metastasis and high mortality,is the most aggressive malignancy among the skin cancers,and also found in mucous membranes,eyes and other parts of the choroid.It is traditionally considered to be radio-resistant to conventional radiotherapy.However,the emergence of heavy ion radiotherapy has drastically improved the treatment effect of the melanoma.Because of the inverted depth-dose distribution,the energy of heavy ions is precisely deposited in the tumor site,so as to protect the surrounding normal tissues.Heavy ions provide higher biological effectiveness and a lower oxygen effect compared with photons.So,it is an advanced radiotherapy method in the 21st century.In this review,we summarized the biological effects researches and clinical applications of heavy ions in the treatment of malignant melanoma,hopefully providing a reliable reference for future standardized heavy ion treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Objective@#To explore the functions of DNA-PKcs in cellular low dose hyper-radiosensitivity.@*Methods@#Colony-formation assay was used to detect the survival fractions of M059K and M059J cell lines treated by X-ray irradiation. Micronucleus assay and γ-H2AX foci assay were used to measure the radiation-induced DNA damage. Western blot was used to detect the relative expression levels of phospho-Chk1, total Chk1, phospho-Chk2 and total Chk2 of M059K and M059J cells.@*Results@#The hyper-radiosensitivity was observed in M059K cells irradiated with X-ray of doses lower than 1 Gy. DNA damage levels did not show HRS/IRR in the cell lines we used. pChk1/Chk1 in M059K cells was significantly increased during 20 min to 60 min after 0.2 Gy X-ray irradiation (t=14.157, 13.661, 14.177, 11.317, 14.512, P<0.05); pChk2/Chk2 in M059K cells was markedly increased during 20 min to 50 min after 0.2 Gy X-ray irradiation (t=13.182, 13.868, 14.155, 14.477, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#M059K cells show the phenomenon of low dose hyper-radiosensitivity, which may be related to activation of proteins in G2/M phase checkpoints regulated by DNA-PKcs.
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Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) encephalitis.Methods Twelve encephalitis patients with anti-LGI1 antibodies were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2015 to December 2016.The clinical manifestations,electroencephalogram,laboratory examination and imaging findings were summarized and the prognosis was observed.The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used for evaluation before and after treatment.Results The major clinical features included memory deficit (10/12),spatial disorientation (7/12),epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (9/12),faciobrachial dystonic seizures (7/12),hyponatremia (5/12),mental and behavioral abnormalites (1/12),light sleep (1/12),increased sleep (3/12),aphasis (4/12),dysphagia,choking (2/12),headache (1/12),dizziness (2/12),fatigue (2/12),ataxia (2/12),bradycardia (3/12),urinary disorders (2/12),intestinal obstruction (1/12),diarrhea (1/12).Admission mRS score was found to be three in eight cases,four in four cases.The abnormal electroencephalogram was found in six cases,mainly manifested as focal or diffuse slow wave,some accompanied by epileptic wave.MRI scan of brain showed abnormal signals in four cases,mainly involved medial temporal lobe,hippocampus,basal ganglia,while one patient avoided MRI scan due to implantation of pacemaker.Two patients presented with pulmonary nodules,one case with positive thyroid antibody and increased rheumatoid factor.The follow-up after treatment showed no one died;mRS score was two in two cases,one in nine cases and zero in one case;the sequelae were memory deficit,increased sleep,faciobrachial dystonic seizures.Conclusions Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is a treatable disease,cardinal clinical features of which are seizures,cognitive disorders,hyponatremia.Immunotherapy can improve the symptoms of the disease significantly,and the prognosis is better comparatively.